什么是协程?Java中如何支持?

2019-12-05  

协程(Coroutine):是单线程下的并发,又称微线程,纤程。简单理解就是线程中的线程。

 

优点:

  • 轻量,创建成本小,降低了内存消耗

  • 用户态调度,减少了 CPU 上下文切换的开销,提高了 CPU 缓存命中率

  • 减少同步加锁,提高了性能

  • 可以用同步思维写异步代码

 

缺点:

  • 在协程执行中不能有阻塞操作,否则整个线程被阻塞

  • 不擅长处理 CPU 密集型

 

适用场景:

  • 高性能要求,考虑牺牲公平性换取吞吐量

  • IO 密集型任务

  • Generator 式的流式计算

 

Java 官方目前是还没推出协程

目前可用性比较高的有 Quasar 和 ea-async 两个第三方库,都是通过 byte code Instrument,把编译后同步程序class文件修改为异步的操作。

 

1、Quasar:

https://github.com/puniverse/quasar
提供了Fiber实现,调度器,甚至Channel,Actor编程范式这样的支持

官方示例: https://github.com/puniverse/quasar-mvn-archetype

尝试

package testgrp;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutionException;

import co.paralleluniverse.fibers.Fiber;
import co.paralleluniverse.fibers.SuspendExecution;
import co.paralleluniverse.strands.SuspendableRunnable;

public class TestFiber {

	void startFiber(int num) throws ExecutionException, InterruptedException {
    	for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
    		final int index = i;
    		Fiber<Void> fiber = new Fiber<Void>("fiber", new SuspendableRunnable() { 
    			 
    			@Override 
    			public void run() throws SuspendExecution, InterruptedException {
    				System.out.println("fiber-" + index);
    				Fiber.sleep(60000);
    			} 
    	        	
    	    });
    		fiber.start();
    	}
    	Thread.sleep(60000);
    }
	
}
package testgrp;

import org.junit.Test;

public class TestFiberAndThread {

	@Test
	public void test() throws Exception {
		new TestFiber().startFiber(10000);
    	//new TestThread().startThread(10000);
	}
}

 

2、ea-async:

https://github.com/electronicarts/ea-async
通过 Instrument 代码,提供 async-await 风格协程实现的工具
使用ea-async编写的代码,方法必须返回 CompletableFuture 或 CompletionStage
尝试

pom依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.ea.async</groupId>
    <artifactId>ea-async</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.3</version>
</dependency>

测试代码: 

package constxiong.interview;
import static com.ea.async.Async.await;
import static java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture.completedFuture;

import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;

public class TestEaAsync {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		String result = test().join();
		System.out.println(result);
		
		System.out.println(testAsync());
		
	}
	
	public static CompletableFuture<String> test() {
		return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return "Hello";
		}).thenCombine(CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return "ConstXiong";
		}), (s1, s2) -> {
			return s1 + " " + s2;
		});
	}
	
	public static String testAsync() {
		CompletableFuture<String> cf1 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(1000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return "Hello";
		});
		CompletableFuture<String> cf2 = CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> {
			try {
				Thread.sleep(2000);
			} catch (InterruptedException e) {
				e.printStackTrace();
			}
			return "ConstXiong";
		});
		return await(cf1) + " " +await(cf2);
	}

}

 

参考:

  1. https://blog.csdn.net/guzhangyu12345/article/details/84666423
  2. https://www.open-open.com/lib/view/open1468892872350.html#articleHeader4
  3. https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/36862142

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