maven 集成 tomcat 以 jar 的方式打包 web 应用，需要插件，pom.xml 如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <parent>
        <groupId>constxiong</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-study</artifactId>
        <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    </parent>
	
    <artifactId>021-jar-tomcat-plugin</artifactId>
	<packaging>war</packaging>

    <properties>
        <spring-version>5.2.2.RELEASE</spring-version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
		<dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.0</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
			<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
			<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
			<version>1.2</version>
		</dependency>
		<dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring-version}</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <!-- Tomcat 8 Maven 插件用于构建可执行 war -->
            <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.tomcat.maven/tomcat8-maven-plugin -->
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.0-r1655215</version>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>tomcat-run</id>
                        <goals>
                            <!-- 最终打包成可执行的jar包 -->
                            <goal>exec-war-only</goal>
                        </goals>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <configuration>
                            <!-- ServletContext 路径 -->
                            <path>/</path>
                        </configuration>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <pluginRepositories>
        <pluginRepository>
            <!-- tomcat8-maven-plugin 所在仓库 -->
            <id>Alfresco</id>
            <name>Alfresco Repository</name>
            <url>https://artifacts.alfresco.com/nexus/content/repositories/public/</url>
            <snapshots>
                <enabled>false</enabled>
            </snapshots>
        </pluginRepository>
    </pluginRepositories>
</project>

spring-mvc 配置 xml 文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.3.xsd
        ">
	
	<context:component-scan base-package="constxiong" />
	
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.method.annotation.RequestMappingHandlerMapping"/>
	
	<mvc:annotation-driven />
	
	<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
    	<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView" />
    	<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />
    	<property name="suffix" value=".jsp" />
    </bean>

</beans>

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  
  <display-name>tomcat</display-name>
  
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath:META-INF/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
    </init-param>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>Dispatcher</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
</web-app>

再给个 controller 和 jsp 就是一个完整的 servlet 应用了。

package constxiong.controller;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;

/**
 * controller
 * 
 * @author ConstXiong
 */
@Controller
public class IndexController {

	@RequestMapping("index")
	public String index() {
		return "index";
	}
}

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8" pageEncoding="UTF-8"%>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<meta charset="utf-8">
	<title>ConstXiong</title>
	<meta name="author" content="ConstXiong" />
	<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1" />
</head>
<body>
hello
</body>
</html>

执行 maven 打包命令